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A clothes iron, also referred to as a flatiron, smoothing iron, or simply iron, is a household appliance used for pressing clothes to remove wrinkles. It derives its name from the metal (iron) historically used in its construction, and the process it facilitates is commonly known as ironing.
Before the advent of electricity, irons were heated through combustion, either in a fire or via some internal arrangement. The introduction of the "electric flatiron" revolutionized ironing. American inventor Henry W. Seeley patented the electric iron on June 6, 1882. Initially cumbersome and slow to heat, it weighed nearly 15 pounds (6.8 kg). While reports suggest a similar device may have emerged in France in 1880, its authenticity remains uncertain.
The history of ironing predates electricity, with ancient Chinese civilizations using metal pans filled with hot coals to smooth fabrics as early as the 1st century BC. By the 17th century, "sadirons" or "sad irons" (derived from Middle English "sad," meaning "solid") began to see use. These were cast iron slabs with handles, heated in a fire or on a stove. Another method involved iron boxes filled with hot coals or heated metal inserts.
Innovations continued, including a cluster of solid irons heated from a single source, allowing for rapid replacement as each iron cooled. Liquid-fuel irons using kerosene, ethanol, whale oil, natural gas, carbide gas, or gasoline remained in use up through World War II in rural areas, despite fire hazards.
The industrialized world eventually shifted to electric irons, which use resistive heating from an electric current. These irons feature a sole plate made of aluminum or stainless steel, often coated with a heat-resistant plastic for reduced friction. A thermostat controls the heating element, maintaining the desired temperature. Henry W. Seeley is credited with the invention of the resistively heated electric iron in 1882, with the first thermostatically controlled electric iron appearing in the 1920s.
Steam irons, credited to Thomas Sears, emerged in the early 20th century, with the first commercially available electric steam iron introduced in 1926 by Eldec. Max Skolnik patented an electric steam iron and dampener in 1934, and Steam-O-Matic Corporation gained exclusive manufacturing rights in 1938, leading to widespread adoption of electric steam irons during the 1940s and 1950s.
